Dos miradas diferentes sobre el consumo de leche

Carlos Riedel26 abril, 2013

Dos tercios de la población mundial no consumen lácteos, y no padecen cánceres genitales, ni problemas gastrointestinales, ni respiratorios, ni dérmicos, y ni siquiera osteoporosis, afirma el doctor Jorge W. Díaz Walker, médico pediatra vegetariano. Y sigue: “La única leche que debemos consumir como seres humanos es la de la mujer, hasta los dos años como mínimo, y el destete debe ser un ‘desleche’”.

Leche

Pero ¿cómo se incorpora el calcio si se dejan de lado los lácteos? Walker dice que “llevando una dieta orgánica y equilibrada se puede obtener el calcio necesario: “Se puede consumir a través de los cereales, las legumbres, los porotos o las verduras. Todos tienen calcio, y es un calcio que va directamente al hueso”, detalla Walker.

A la hora de dejar la leche, una propuesta de muchos especialistas naturistas es la de consumir “horchatas” (bebidas endulzadas con miel o dátiles) que se obtienen a partir de cereales (como arroz integral, avena, quínoa, cebada), o semillas (sésamo, girasol, zapallo y frutas secas como almendras, avellanas o nueces): “Contienen los nutrientes del cereal, el fruto seco o la semilla de origen. Son ideales para hacer en casa y se debe tener en cuenta que tienen un limitado tiempo de conservación: 48 horas en la heladera”, recalca Aguado.

Pero no todos sostienen las mismas ideas: “Desde tiempos ancestrales, el hombre es un mamífero que toma leche materna y luego la reemplaza por algún lácteo procedente de un animal. Cambiar esto por otro tipo de alimento, tendría que estar fundamentado en serios y múltiples trabajos de investigación. Llevaría mucho tiempo corroborar fehacientemente la mayor utilidad de otros alimentos en reemplazo de los lácteos”, explica Etelvina Rubeglio, médica pediatra y microbióloga, ex jefa de microbiología de los Hospitales Ricardo Gutiérrez y Juan P. Garraham.

La doctora Mónica Katz, nutricionista, se anima a afirmar que estas tendencias anti-lácteos, tienen más que nada que ver con una postura anti-mercado: “La leche nos acompaña a lo largo de la historia del hombre y no hay evidencias de que haya representado vector de enfermedades más allá de las trasmitidas por gérmenes que la leche contenga”, dice Katz. Y agrega: “Por supuesto que los frutos secos, las sardinas y las anchoas, legumbres y vegetales verdes oscuros como espinaca, acelga, brócoli aportan algo de calcio pero con diferente biodisponibilidad”.

¿ENTONCES QUE HACER?

Ambas posturas son factibles y en medicina todo cambia permanentemente , lo que hoy parece no ser mañana será. Así que si usted decide optar por los lácteos tenga en cuanta estos consejos.

Respecto a la osteoporosis, el doctor Máximo Ravenna, nutricionista, explica que los lácteos la previenen siempre que su consumo haya sido el adecuado durante la infancia y la adolescencia (es decir, en la etapa de desarrollo óseo), puesto que la leche es una gran fuente de calcio.

A su vez, la licenciada Firpo detalla algunas otras cuestiones a tener en cuenta:

En las personas adultas con sobrepeso o con colesterol elevado, son preferibles los lácteos descremados y en porciones controladas.

Las personas hipertensas es conveniente que elijan los quesos con la versión de bajo contenido de sodio.

Los más magros son los untables y la ricota descremados.

Las personas con intolerancia a la lactosa, o con síndrome de intestino irritable pueden elegir versiones de leche deslactosada, que tendrá mejor tolerancia intestinal que la común y le producirá menor inflamación y flatulencias.

En el caso de gente con úlcera y problemas gástricos, se recomiendan únicamente lácteos descremados (leche, yogur o quesos untables descremados). Es conveniente en estos pacientes evitar la grasa ya que demora el tiempo de evacuación gástrica y ocasiona más sintomatología en el paciente. No se aconsejan los quesos duros, la manteca, crema de leche y otros lácteos enteros en estos pacientes.

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