Quema de pastizales en los bosques del Delta en el mes de julio 2012: 258 focos entre el sur de la Pcía de Entre Ríos y el norte de Buenos Aires. De estos, 145 corresponden a las secciones de islas de los partidos de Baradero, Zarate, Campana, San Fernando, Escobar.
(Gentileza Enrique Sierra, Fundación OGA,Voluntario Aves Argentinas/AOP Áreas Naturales del NW de Bs. As.)
Las fotos de Google Earth muestra la información aportada por la NASA sobre incendios en el Delta del Paraná durante el mes de julio.
La secuencias
1- Muestra todo el delta de Rosario a Bs .As.
2- Delta medio desde Rosario a Ramallo.
3- Delta inferior o Bajo Delta de San Pedro hasta el río de La Plata.
Superficie total aproximada de cobertura 1.700.000 hectáreas.
De 31 días del mes hubo 20 días de cobertura por los satélites. Es importante señalar que solo se detectan anomalías térmicas de aproximadamente 1 Km2 y no existiendo cobertura cuando hay nubosidad.
El Total de focos de incendios fue de 258 Sur de Entre Ríos, Norte de Bs. As.
DELTA BUENOS AIRES.
De estos focos 145 para de la secciones islas de los partidos de Baradero, Zarate, Campana, San Fernando, Escobar.
3 focos en el continente arroyo las Rosas, afluente del río Lujan, el 20/07/12. Limite entre los partidos de Campana y Escobar. Al NE del AICA BA05 Talar de Belen.
Áreas Naturales- Reserva Biosfera del Delta
ZARATE
En áreas protegidas de la Provincia 1 en la reserva Prov. Isla Botija el 22/07/12. Total para la sección 4ta de islas Zarate 57 focos.
BARADERO
En la Reserva Municipal, Baradero, Paraná Guazú 2 focos.
En el AICA (Área importante para conservación de las Aves) BA03 Baradero un total de 15 focos.
CAMPANA- SAN FERNANDO
En la reserva Biosfera del Delta de Paraná de los partidos de Campana - San Fernando 58 focos en total.
DELTA DE ENTRE RÍOS
Dpto. Islas del Ibicuy 71 focos.
En el AICA ER04 Pastizales del Ibicuy 4 focos y 6 focos en el AICA ER07 Ceibas.
Dpto. Gualeguay 18 focos.
Para las islas lechiguanas con un total de 14 y 4 sobre el río Gualeguay en la desembocadura sobre el Paraná Pavón o Ibicuy.
No fueron registrados los 2 focos de incendios filmados por San Pedro TV en la tarde del
lunes 23/07/12 frente a la localidad de Obligado sobre las islas lechiguanas, Dpto. de Gualeguay Entre Ríos, aproximadamente a 2 Km. al NE de la laguna de Los Ratones.
Dpto. Islas de Victoria total de 28 focos, AICA ER05 Islas de Victoria.
Clima
De acuerdo el informe metereològico mensual de la Estación Experimental INTA San Pedro, la mas cercana.
Total de lluvias para el mes de Julio: 11 mm
Se registraron 17 días, de los 31, de humedad por debajo del 40%.
Este ultimo detalle es importante para citar como ejemplo el día 25/07/12 hubo 46 focos, la mayor cantidad en un solo día, de incendio con una humedad relativa en la EEA San Pedro del 31% de humedad minima. Aumentando las probabilidades de propagación de la vegetación seca disponible en esta época del año.
El 44 %, 117 focos, de los incendios totales fueron registrados los días 25, 26, 27,28/07/12 la humedad minima oscilo entre 31 al 40%.
Biodiversidad
Las AICAS (Áreas Importantes para la Conservación de la Aves) que sufrieron incendios contienen alrededor de 15 de las 80 especies amenazadas para Argentina y a nivel global (Di Gacomo 2005).
El Delta, pastizales junto a los bosques del espinal son los más amenazados en la región. Las aves son indicador biológico de los estados de los ambientes.
Algunos ejemplos: la pajonalera pico recto en el bajo delta, único lugar del país que ha sido registrada, chorlos migradores del norte como el Batitu, los capuchinos garganta cafe y corona gris utilizan los pastizales del sur de Entre Ríos.
Las AICAS coinciden con las AVPS (Áreas Valiosas de Pastizales) en este caso de estos incendios del mes con “Porción no insular del bajo delta del río Paraná” AVPs Nº 54, “Bajíos ribereños y Corona de Barranca del río Paraná” AVPs Nº 19 (Bilenca, Miñarro 2004).
Hasta la fecha ninguna jurisdicción provincial, nacional de medio ambiente ha tenido en cuenta estos datos de biodiversidad, además de desconociendo los beneficios ambientales que estos ecosistemas nos prestan, para el ordenamiento territorial todavía pendiente.
“Para que los humedales del Delta mantengan sus bienes y servicios ambientales es necesario conservar su diversidad biológica, su integridad ecológica y su salud ecológica” (Bo 2012)"
Propuestas
Urgente Ordenamiento territorial de actividades que se desarrollan en el delta sin ningún control, específicamente el avance de la frontera agropecuaria ganadería de alta carga, grandes endicamientos, terraplenes.
Es necesaria y urgente instalar estaciones agro metereologicas automáticas red de freatímetros (niveles capa freática cercana) y sensores de humedad del suelo en sectores del Delta como prevención.
Centralizar la información para emitir boletines de alerta en las provincias de Entre Ríos, Santa Fe, Bs. As.
Entre Ríos posee alertas de Índice de Peligro de Incendios (FWI) que cubre centro y norte de la provincia no así el sur Delta. Pero son útiles como parámetros de referencia. Son públicos para su difusión, alertas. (Sec. Medio Ambiente Entre Ríos 2009-10).
La provincia de Buenos Aires no los tiene y desde III Reunión de la Subcomisión para el Manejo del Fuego en el delta del Paraná del 17/11/ 2009 hasta la fecha no fue implementado (PNMF 2009).
Articular el control, instalación de estaciones metereologicas, con la Prefectura Nacional, división de medio ambiente, en sus diversos destacamentos y el cual realiza patrullajes en el Delta.
Solicitar, alertas comunicación a las embarcaciones que navegan el Delta, ya se hizo en el 2008. Centralizando la información en CONTRASE (control de trafico y seguridad de la navegación) Zarate, San Nicolás, Rosario. Prefecturas de zona. A fin que sean comunicadas a direcciones provinciales de Defensa Civil, PNMF (Plan Nacional de Manejo del Fuego).
La provincia de Buenos Aires y sus direcciones competentes en el Delta, dirección de defensa civil, dirección provincial de islas, ministerio de asuntos agrarios, OPDS, no han logrado articular, centralizar, la recepción de información satelital con organismos nacionales CONAE (Comisión Nacional Actividades Espaciales), PNMF (Plan Nacional de Manejo del Fuego), (UMSEF) Unidad de Manejo del Sistema de Evaluación Forestal, dirección de bosques de la Secretaria de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable; INTA (Instituto de Clima y Agua- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales), como eje la prevención, control.
Estandarizar Planes de contingencia PNMF entre las tres provincias que integran el Delta dentro del programa PIECAS para que no suceda lo del año 2008, el que existía no funciono (DGN 2008). Y se quemaron aproximadamente 238.335 hectáreas (Kandus P. et al 2011) y 454.992 hectáreas de febrero al 24 de junio 2008 (Sione W. et.al 2008).
Cumplir con la legislación vigente. Especialmente en los Estudios de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) de obras y endicamientos.
“CONOCER ES CONSERVAR”
Enrique Sierra
Fundación OGA
Voluntario Aves Argentinas/AOP Áreas Naturales del NW de Bs. As.
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